Cluster formation is one of the prominent features of coastal Konkan settlements with unique arrangements, placements, sizes, etc. These clusters are not arbitrary but strongly guided by the social structure. Moreover, they are named by the caste and subcaste of people leaving in - Brahmin Vadi, Gurav wadi, Vani Aali etc. Sometimes by Family name- Jadhav Vadi, Parab Vadi, Kubal Wada, Naik wadi etc. and sometimes by family ancestral occupation like Gawali wada, Kumbhar wada, Chambhar wadi, Sutar wada/ wadi, Koli Wada etc.
Though Cluster looks organic pattern, it follows two basic patterns, closed arrangement which is generally named as 'Wada' or 'wadi' and Linear arrangement which is generally named as 'Ali. Within these universes of patterns, one can find smaller clusters reciprocating micro-climate and usability. It is really interesting to see the influence of various generations on building styles that forms a lineage.
Thick mud wall and sloping roof house extended by load bearing laterite wall structure to further RCC structure. These clusters are surrounded by a vast vista of family-owned land. Each of the houses from the cluster has open, semi-open, and built spaces called 'Aangan', 'Padvi' & 'Oati'. The number of houses in one cluster may also depict the number of close relatives. Angan can be a shared amenity among a few houses.
Following are factors are responsible for the physical format of the cluster:
Social & cultural values: Clusters are series of houses formed due to the expansion of the family. It happens around common space that is meant to come together to celebrate the festival, social gatherings of families, Traditional rituals etc
Climatic conditions: Cluster housing also provides continuous connectivity among houses to create a safe environment, especially during the monsoon season.
Land Topography: Flatter terrain provides a typical cluster pattern for ex. Common open space surrounded by houses at the same level whereas contour land topography may result in subdivision of common spaces of clusters.
Family occupation: Family occupation plays an important role in cluster forms. eg. land owner farmers create large storage spaces. Housing clusters of Kumbhar wada/ wadi (clay Potters) requires different type of working spaces, dedicated areas for kilns etc. Sutar wada/ wadi (Carpenters) required large working spaces; Koli wada’s (Fisherman) are design with common spaces for drying fish, knitting fishing nets, sorting of fish etc; whereas Gawali wada/wadi (Dairy Business) requires spaces like cattle shed and for ancillary activities. etc.
